Book Review of 1984 Essay

He was a member of outer party, who has better life than the proles according to the government. Winston did not believe in the party, the Big Brother. He remained the memory before the Revolution, some fragmented memory about a better life than he was experiencing. He held a belief in abiding faith, contrary to the faked fact that he produced for the sake of work. Through the process that how the party reintegrated Winston, we saw the party controlled the society, using what they learned from the history to improve the method of doing a brainwashing. Julia is the second main character. She is Winston’s love, a beautiful young woman. Julia was born after the Revolution. She knew a little about the past through her grandfather, who disappeared when she was eight. She was zealous in the activities that government promotes, like Junior Anti-Sex League, Two Minutes’ Hate and community center. However, she is a girl who does not care about what the life will be tomorrow. She used her body to exchange for inner party’s good. Everything she did for the government was a mask, to distract attentions from sexually promiscuous rebel. She was sex criminal. After she fell in love with Winston, she believed that ‘It’s the one thing they can’t do. They can make you say anything — ANYTHING— but they can’t make you believe it. They can’t get inside you. ’ However, she was also tortured to be perfect and even suffered more than Winston. ‘Her face was sallower, and there was a long scar, partly hidden by the hair, across her forehead and temple’. The third main character is O’Brien, a member of Brotherhood, which is leaded by Goldstein, the target of Two Minutes’ Hate. But O’Brien was actually a member of inner party, a zealous supporter of the Party, a thought police, a spy. He made Winston believed in him that he opposed that Party and pretended to be a member of Brotherhood. With the help of Mr. Charrington, Winston was caught by Thought Police, as well as Julia. O’Brien engaged in most part of reintegration of Winston. He was the first one who inspires Winston to oppose the Party, by a sentence, ‘We shall meet in the place where there is no darkness,’ O’Brien had said to him. And then he leaded him to believe in the existence of Brotherhood, finally to the love of Big Brother, the death. The story started from Winston Smith, a member of outer party. Winston lived in a dark age, though others may deny it. There are three biggest powers in the world: the Eurasian, Oceania and Eastasia. Winston was in Oceania, under the control of the new party—INGSOC, English Socialism. The official language is New Speak, contrary to the Old Speak. It is used to limit and finally eliminate all modes of thought, therefore nobody would rebel, even just a second’s thought. There are three classes: the Inner Party, the Outer Party and the Proles. Telescreens and microphones are everywhere, monitoring every act of the citizens. There are four ministries, the Ministry of Love, the Ministry of Plenty, the Ministry of Peace and the Ministry of Truth. Each of the ministries is working on the things that are contrary to its name. Winston worked in the Ministry of Truth, where all the documents should be rewritten in order to support the eternal positive of the Party. It is a department that holds the output of Medias, books, news and podcast, falsification was made to the history and facts, which promote the Party doctrine. Winston never believed in the Party. He lived with a mask, controlling every movement, every word that he gave out. However, accidentally he fell in love with a young woman, Julia. They had sex, enjoying the food that Julia brought from the Inner Party, and talked about their doubts on the Party, sharing pieces of memory before the Revolution. They decided to join the Brotherhood, to fight against the Party. They could do everything, except stop loving each other. O’Brien, as a member of Brotherhood, received them and gave them the book, The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism, written by Emmanuel Goldstein. However, when Winston and Julia were still reading the book in Mr. Charrington’s shop, they were caught by though police. The Brotherhood was a trap. O’Brien was actually an Inner Party member. Winston suffered for a long period of reintegration, and finally built up his loyal love to Big Brother, before his death. The mainline is easy to summarize, however the idea that the story wants to tell is difficult. In the book, the politics have been gone to the worst part. Those covers, like â€Å"to help the poor†, â€Å"for the sake of freedom and equality†, or â€Å"to release the proles and reform the society†, are abandoned. The aim of the Party is so direct, that is even adverse, to attain the pure power, nothing else but only the power. The method they used was successful. Language is the access to mind. It is clever to not only limit people to express their opinion but also change their tools, the language itself, by reducing the amount of words and meanings it can represent. It can stop the rebel from the beginning point. â€Å"A thought diverging from the principles of Ingsoc — should be literally unthinkable. † This aim is attainable as long as the Party could replace the Old Speak entirely. The new generation would know nothing about the Old Speak and have no ways to understand the past since those past were record in the Old Speak and possibly had been rewritten totally by Ministry of True. They are as ignorance as animals, who have no past and even no inherit genes. In order to let people have no spare time to think about the meaning of their lives, to explore the things that the Party does not tell, they have war continuously. This could help to avoid rebellion. â€Å"War is peace. † It also keeps the life standard just right above the poverty line. People have to work hard, though the government has always claimed that they have made progress on production, they still do not have enough to eat or enough fuels to make them warm. The life was terrible that everyone works like animal, do what orders, and no more think. But it was a blast of strong power, to have so much unconscious workforce. â€Å"Ignorance is strength. † To explain the last part of the Party’s practice, â€Å"Slavery is freedom. † it relates to the concept of individual and group. As an individual, you are slaved, but groups of slaved have the strength to achieve power and freedom. One should escape from its own identity, and to be slaved, to be remixed into a group, which finally reaches the ultimate freedom. The story has been making a big background in the Chapter 1. After Winston met Julia, the plot has been speeded up. I think the most special point of this book is that he put the climax as the end. â€Å"He loved Big Brother. † The final turning point, and then everything become silent. Actually it just looks like George Orwell him self’s life, ended at the climax. The book reveals several methods of safeguarding the pure power. They came from George Orwell’s real life. George Orwell had been policing in Burma, and then experienced bottom level life in Paris and London. Then he and his family experience the civil war in Spanish and after that was World War Two. These experiences gave George Orwell the elements needed for this book. The poor life standard, the deep hate to those powerful and rich people, the cruelty of war and all of them made up the main background of 1984. George Orwell was a really sensitive writer, who made words to represents more than it should be. His novel was not long and you seldom see some extremely difficult sentence, but you still cannot get its idea only after one-time read. It takes time to catch the main part. Meticulous as him, the principle of New Speak was also provided at the end, to illustrate how this power weapon works. I would definitely recommend my friends to read this book, since it shows how bad the politics, the government might be, and what they would do to maintain their position. I have heard about a comment, which said that you can find many books to help you know the true face of the politics, say that is 5percent, however 1984 could provide you 100percent of that. Reference: http://ebooks. adelaide. edu. au/o/orwell/george/o79n/contents. html

The Koran

It is said that the Koran (or Quran) was delivered by Allah to Muhammad. Much like the Bible is to Christians; the Koran delivers to Muslims guidance on how to live a virtuous life, as well as being a historical text of events in the area, and those which occurred around the Prophet Muhammad. It is said that to understand the differences between the Muslim sects, it is relevant to delve into Islamic history. â€Å"Some basic issues within Islam today, such as the strife between Sunni and Shia Muslims began at this time and better understanding of how the disputes began is needed.† (Biedzynski, 2005). Theological scholars will often discuss the correlation of different religions within texts and history, but it is evident within the Suras of the Koran, that not only were Jews and Christians recognized, but many biblical names are also mentioned, including Jesus, Moses and Mary. In fact, the Koran recognizes many similar figures for the same reasons Christianity and Judaism does , which perhaps serves as a further example on the connection all three religions have in recounting historical events.The fundamentals of Islam are perhaps best explored through the principles governed by the Five Pillars of Islam. Essentially these are: a profession of faith, prayer, fasting, pilgrimage and charity. In order for a Muslim to be considered for heaven, and their place with Allah, it is vital for them to adhere to the Five Pillars. The first, Shahadah, or tenet of Islam, is often recited in prayer, and is an affirmation made that Mohammad is the Prophet of Allah, and there is only Allah. Arguably, this is an important pillar, and fundamentally the foundation of all Islamic practices.The second pillar, or Salat, is not only the act of praying five times a day, but is also regarded in death, and an act of purification of the spirit, as mentioned in Sura 87, â€Å"prosperous indeed is he who purifies himself recollects the name of his Lord and performs prayers† (l ines 14-15). There is no division in prayer, only unity:â€Å"The words of the prayer are, essentially, those of Surat Al-Fatihah and other parts of the Quran chosen by the devotee. Thus our prayers become Allah’s words. The prayers in the form of the Friday prayer are also a weekly lesson in human equality and community solidarity† (Ayoub, 116).Zakat, or almsgiving is the Third Pillar of Islam. It is the form of charity that is practiced not only during Ramadan, but annually. The concept is to ease economic stress on the less fortunate, and is considered as an act of the virtuous who â€Å"have faith in the unseen, observe regular worship, and give alms of that which we have bestowed upon them† (2:3). The concept begins with the notion that everything belongs to Allah, and people are merely looking after it – from this earth to financial success. As is often said of charity beginning at home, the concept of zakat also starts at home, and closest friends and relations, before branching out into the community, or as stated in the Koran, â€Å"they thus give food for love of Him to the destitute, orphan, and captive† (76:8).Whilst zakat and charity is made during Ramadan, the holy month is best observed through fasting. It is the forth Pillar of Islam, and is a similar notion in remembering those less fortunate around us. It is also a significant month, historically:â€Å"Fasting, however, has a crucial significance for Muslims. It was during the month of Ramadan that Allah granted victory to Muslims over the Makkan associators in the Battle of Badr† (p125).It was also during Ramadan, that the Koran was given to Muhammad, as noted in Sura 2. During Ramadan, it is significant that Muslims remain pure, and abstain from sexual intercourse, ill tempers or bad language. They also fast from sunrise to dusk, and offer charity to their community and family.The final Pillar of Islam is the Hajj, a pilgrimage which should be made at least once in a lifetime by every Muslim. The journey involves a pilgrimage to Mecca, and the Ka’ba built there. Historically, the pilgrimage reminds Muslims of Ibrahim, and retracing of the steps he made. Rituals within the Hajj also retrace Hajar’s search for water in the barren mountains. Sura 3 speaks of how it is an ‘obligation’ for people to perform the pilgrimage, and also details how Muhammad made his first Hajj. Pilgrims who complete the annual Hajj are considered to be ‘reborn’, and able to start anew. It is considered a cleansing, but is also historically poignant:â€Å"During the Hajj important religious and political movements were born, momentous decisions and ideas were taken and exchanged, and crucial calls to jihad in the way of Allah and against oppression, tyranny and wrong were proclaimed. The Hajj is our teacher, our social and political guide, and a source of blessing in our lives† (p129).There are many things w ithin Islam that are considered taboo, the consumption of pork and the act of suicide are two of them. Such things are called â€Å"haram†, and are labeled as forbidden acts that detract from the fundamentals of Islam. Pork is forbidden, quite simply because it is considered unclean. The Koran matter-of-factly states, â€Å"He has forbidden for you only carrion and blood and swine-flesh and that which has been immolated in the name of any other than Allah; but he who is driven thereto, neither craving nor transgressing† (16:114-115).As for suicide, Muhammad speaks of an eternity in what can be considered Hell. People, who committed suicide, would spend their days reliving the experience. â€Å"He who commits suicide by throttling shall keep on throttling himself in the Hell Fire (forever) and he who commits suicide by stabbing himself shall keep on stabbing himself in the Hell-Fire† (Sahih Bukhari 2.446). It is with this in mind, that the concept of Jihad should be explored.Jihad in itself is war (and defense) on the behalf of Islam. It is something that was often declared against those who cause ill towards a community, or as subtle as protecting a community against non-Muslims, or cleansing the soul of ill-thought and sin. In recent times, it has been extorted and abused by violence. The main aim of jihad in society is to eradicate wrongdoing and oppression (Ayoub, 191). Jihad is therefore an affirmation through action to Allah and Islam, as considered in Sura 47, â€Å"if you lend support to Allah, he shall grant you support and firmly strengthen your steps† (47:7). Jihads could involve absolving sin through study of the Koran, or sacred texts; and even through the act of the Hajj, to cleanse through action. Jihad, as it is portrayed today, is only one form, and often times not fully considered under Islamic Law.Islamic Law is what governs Muslim society, and understandably, it adheres to what appears in the Koran. Suras 4 and 5 outline measures that should be undertaken through accidental death, murder and stealing. Concepts such as compensation or blood-money, for example, are paid out to the family of one accidentally killed. Stealing, was dealt as a stark punishment, however, with a thief losing the hand they used to steal with: â€Å"And the male thief and the female thief, cut off their hand as a recompense for that which they committed, a punishment by way of example from Allah. And Allah is All-Powerful, All-Wise† (5:38).The Koran, and specifically Islam’s relationship with Christianity and Judaism, outlines the historical relevance to the connections the religion has with them. It does not dispute their existence, or indeed significant people within both religious texts, rather it is almost reliant on them:â€Å"The Qu’ran sees itself not only as depending on the Torah and Gospel for its own claim to authenticity, but also as ‘confirming’ the truth which they cont ain while at the same time superceding them. [..] We need to interpret our scriptures in ways that promote a meaningful dialogue which will lead to a true fellowship of faith† (98-99)Many Muslims today acknowledge resemblances in religious practices, or are often comforted to find similarities. The same can be said vice-versa, though as more people from Judaic and Muslim background learn that not only do their scriptures acknowledge each other, but have similarities in prayer: â€Å"Men and women sit separately. Services can be led by any male member of the community. In mosques, as in synagogues, Orthodox or not, there are no human symbols of God† (Hirschfield, 2006).It should also be considered, that many within Judaism and Islam need only look within their own verses to see the similarities- or as noted by a filmmaker keen to see open-dialogue, â€Å"educated by Muslims about the 99 names for God and the stories of Muhammad, Ms. Broyde-Sharone tries, in turn, to edu cate Jews about Islam. It is not a hateful monolith, she emphasizes. It is diverse just as Judaism is diverse† (Hirschfield, 2006).The same can be argued for the appearance of Jesus within the Koran, and the religious ‘divide’ between the Bible and the Koran. Many Suras speak of not only him, but of Mary as well. â€Å"A verse in the Quran says, â€Å"Behold! The angels said, ‘O Mary! God gives you glad tidings of a Word from Him. His name will be Jesus Christ, the son of Mary, held in honor in this world and the Hereafter and in (the company of) those nearest to God.'†Ã¢â‚¬ (Oakland Tribune, 2003).The foundation of Islam not only lies within the text of the Koran, but also within each individual Muslim and their interpretations of the text. Whilst Muslim countries and communities seem to have differing opinions on the taboo of suicide, or the overwhelming support of a ‘jihad’, the Pillars of Islam remain intact as a guiding frame of th e religion. Like Judaism and Christianity, Islam and practitioners are influenced by their own communities, history and political leaders, so it is perhaps no surprise that all three monolithic religions look to each other for validation.ReferencesMuslim musings on Jesus, Bible(s) and Dan BrownOakland Tribune. Jun 23, 2006. FindArticles.com. 25 Sep. 2007. (http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4176/is_20060623/ai_n16507597 )Ayoub, M. M., Islam: Faith and PracticeThe Open Press, Islamic Book Trust 2001.Biedzynski, J. Historical Atlas of Islam.Journal of Third World Studies. Fall 2005.Hirschfield, R. God and Allah need to talk: L.A. filmmaker spearheads Jewish-Muslim dialogue.National Catholic Reporter. Oct 6, 2006. FindArticles.com. 25 Sep. 2007. (http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1141/is_43_42/ai_n17093198 )

An Understanding of Sports Sponsorship in India

An Understanding of Sports Sponsorship in India 1. Introduction The boost in competition, produced by the globalization of markets, had made the marketing mix a key factor for companies to be successful, or even to stay alive (Hollensen, 2003). Promotion has become ever more useful to have an effect on consumers’ attitudes and behaviour as a part of the marketing mix. Conventionally, promotion was consisted of advertising, PR and sales promotions (Vignali, 1997). Nevertheless, in modern years, there has been a substantial improvement in sponsorship of organasations and events in the fields of the sports, arts, social aid and broadcasting. This improvement has placed sponsorship at the same level of significance than most conventional promotion tools, particularly advertising (Lardinoit and Derbaix, 2001). In 2004, as per the projections, global spending in sponsorship was estimated to reach US $28 billion (from $23.6 billion in 1999 and $2 billion in 1984), of which 69% relates to sporting events (Meenaghan, 2001). Sponsor ship is a business-related activity where one party allows another a chance to utilize an association with a target audience in exchange for funds, resources or services. Sponsorship activities are used by organisations in a various ways to create brand associations, awareness and to penetrate through the clutter of commercial messages (Fill, 2009). Sponsorship can also be defined as † an investment in cash or kind in an activity, in return for access to the exploitable commercial potential associated with that activity. The company promotes its interests and brands by tying them to a specific and meaningful related event or cause† (Rowley and Williams, 2008). Sponsorship investment primarily was perhaps seen as a type of philanthropy; the sponsors may be expecting simply goodwill or nothing as a return (Quattrocchi, 2004; Chadwick and Thwaites, 2005). Considerable amount of sponsorship investments were carried out with no precise explanation or business objective except for helping a favourite sport or event (Davies and Quattrocchi, 2002). As a result in quiet few cases, sponsorship has been talked about as a kind of corporate philanthropy that is the company’s share of profits restored back into community (Polonsky and Speed, 2001). Though, lot of researchers affirmed that corporate philanthropy that used to be ascertained as a pure dedication to the community did look for circumlocutory benefits in corporate image, positive attitude towards the company or social recognition in the community, which similar to desired objectives of business sponsorship nowadays (Martnez et al. 2005). Sponsorship investment has been escalating quickly for many years and sport is the biggest area that has been used by sponsorships (Drewer, 2006). Numerous researchers have been produced to reveal how sponsorship works and how its results could be evaluated hypothetically, but the questions still remain debating (Cornwell et al. 2005). Sport has developed into a professional product or a service over the years. The increasing relevance in professional sport has turned it into a productive business, producing great revenues annually (Mason & Cochetel, 2006). Sport players and games have become commercial possessions offering companies new occasions to communicate and develop their brands (Morgen, 2004). Given the verity that sport sponsorships are usually more profitable compared to art or social cause sponsorships (Walliser, 2003), it can be concluded that sport sponsorship is an instrument of communications that ought to be given serious thought as a business investment. The allocations of limited resources with the purpose of attaining definite organisations’ objectives are important segments of sport sponsorship (Slack and Bentz, 1996). Therefore, it has repeatedly been described as a strategic activity in the marketing literature (Carter, 1996).

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 51

History - Essay Example I also successfully fished in the nearby water to add to my food supply. My Health rating is poor – my choice of a bay marsh leads to a malaria epidemic and poisoning by brackish water. I chose to deal with disease because it is less deadly and controllable than being exposed to attacks if I will settle near the ocean. 8) Your goal was to be named Governor of the colony. What choices (as mentioned above) did you have to make to become governor, and what were the outcomes?   The decisions I made that promoted to become the Governor of Virginia were; I chose to plant tobacco and two sets of corn. I planted two sets of corn for food security and the appropriateness of the land for the crop. I did not plant wheat and sasanfras because I have no assurance that they will grow with the kind of land in the area. Tobaccos are for trade in Europe. 9) Describe your use of consultations (native, charter, settler). Which of these consultations were useful? Which were not useful? Why, or why not? What do these consultations teach you about the settlement of the actual Jamestown?   The key to be promoted as a Governor of Virginia is to consult with the native and charter and never ask on the settler or colonist. Asking the charter and native gave me insights on my economic and political decisions. For the economy, the native already hinted that there is no gold in the area even if we are obsessed about it. So I did not pursue for mining for my economic activity. For political decision, the colonist would advise me to attack which I did not follow because it is not good to make peace after attacking the natives not to mention that it would be extremely difficult to build an economy when you have

Religious Experiences and Text, Critical Analysis of Mark 10 4256 Essay

Religious Experiences and Text, Critical Analysis of Mark 10 4256 using Text Foccus Narrative Method - Essay Example Everything claimed has been inferred and interpreted by comparing what we know of the early Christian communities generally against the text itself. There are, however, broad lines of agreement on quite a few matters based upon clues found both in the text and in references to this gospel found in other exists. But undoubtedly, Mark is evidently true, being included in the most authoritative fourth-century early manuscripts (Codex Vaticanus) ( The World Book Encyclopedia , 1989). Before I go into the critical analysis of this particular passage, I will be discussing the method employed by this narrative. First, we must keep in mind that any literary analysis requires a concrete understanding of the genre it belongs to. The genre of gospels is one of the most difficult to interpret because almost all text represents both a literal and a spiritual meaning (Telford, W.R. 1995). Some gospels such as this one written by Mark, are intended to be read aloud as in a church sermon, rather than carefully studied in written form like a philosophy text ( Malbon, E. S. ,2002). This makes interpretation difficult because Biblical analyses are usually done by using written texts and typically attempt to identify large patterns of structure. For a text that is meant to be read aloud, however, what matters most are the connections that listeners make from one passage to the next. The material found in the texts of Mark must have been passed down, retold, and rearranged by mu ltiple people, but in the end someone put it into a final written form, something close to what we currently have, which bears the imprint of their own legacy skills. The author of Mark likes to use rhetorical devices, for example, repetition to highlight important ideas and a "sandwiching" technique that interweaves two different stories together in a manner that allows each to interpret and explain the other. This sandwiching technique is also called inclusion. There were two stories of healing the blind in Mark, the other story is in Mk 8:22-27. (Musso, A, Chapter 9, pg 2-3). The Gospel of Mark utilises the narrative style or method, if it will be studied according to the methods of literary critics. The narrative style or text consist of three elements namely, plot, setting, and the characters. These elements formed the basis of the narrative style of writing. In analyzing the passage of Mark 10:46-52, the plot of the story goes around a blind man named Bartimaues whose sight had been restored because of his faith. Characters in the passage includes Bartimaeus, the blind beggar, Jesus Christ who restored his sight, and the crowd present who try to silence Bartimaeus when he shouted for mercy so that Jesus would notice him. The setting of the story was a very public place in outskirt of Jericho, a town close in Jewish territory. (Musso, A, Chapter 8, pg 1, 9). Ultimately, though Mark represents the introduction of a new type of literature because nothing quite like it can be identified before early Christianity (Telford, W.R. 1995). It is very different from the collections of sayings or proverbs that can be found in other early Christian literature. Also, Mark is not meant to be a historical record of past events; instead, it is a series of events - structured in a manner to serve specific biblical goals and

Organisational Profile of Treatment Center for Cancer Assignment

Organisational Profile of Treatment Center for Cancer - Assignment Example As such, it is able to meet its common purpose- the provision of hope to patients through best care is given by the best people who have done the best research in cancer care. The organization is located at Outram Medical Campus, 11 Hospital Drive in Singapore. This is about 500 meters from Outram Park Station. It also nears the New Bridge Road bus terminal. During weekdays, services are offered from 8.30 am to 5.30 pm while on Saturdays, the facility is open from morning until 12.30 pm. Guided by the vision of becoming a leading global cancer center, the organization targets not only the Singapore population but also overseas patients. The environment in health care provision refers to the impact of different related factors as an institution endeavors to give out the best care to its patients. In the development of health care programs, the main objective lies in giving participants an in-depth understanding of the changing environment in the health sector (Caldwell, 2001). Armed with this knowledge, they are now in a better position to develop responses to tackle the challenges as posed by the environment. This results in successful organization strategies. It is important to note that the environment in the healthcare system is dynamic which implies that its state today may be very different in the future. The challenges encountered therefore are different with regard to specific time frames (Ulrich & Zimring, 2004). Critical issues, concerns, and developments must be in line with the environment in order to ensure that the strategy put in place in a healthcare organization are met. The cost of health provision in Singapore is high compared to the country’s total expenditure. In fact, it is among the most expensive health care systems of the world. A lot is spent on the healthcare by the country which impacts on the country’s economy.  

Professionalism and Ethics in Surveying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Professionalism and Ethics in Surveying - Essay Example The ethical conduct for a professional surveyor thus dictates that licensees shall engage in the practice of conducting land survey in an ethical manner while at the same time being familiar with the appropriate and recognized codes of the land surveying ethics. Considering the ethics, liability and legal manners for a professional surveyor, a surveyor should justify his actions at all times, be able to demonstrate personal commitment in abiding by the ethical standards in maintaining integrity of professionalism. As part of the liability, it is necessary for the surveyor to uncover sufficient facts in regards to the property being attracted through acting as a fact finder. The quality of these outcomes forms the mark of a professional. As a minimum requirement, the surveyor engaging in looking, finding or using property corner monuments assumes the responsibility of obtaining the copies of all necessary adjoiner conveyances called for in the legal description furnished, obtain all m aps called for, and obtain the pertinent recorder adjoined surveys. The surveyor will also obtain the available public agency maps and when dealing with GLO states, obtain government township plats and field notes. All of these are essential for enhancing the ethics, liability and legal aspects when dealing with corner monuments (Eccles & Kingston University, 1995). Corner monuments are the parcels or lines of easements that are only possible to visualize on the ground through setting markers or with aid of survey monuments.

Interpretation and analysis of a child's development Case Study

Interpretation and analysis of a child's development - Case Study Example tion seem to be improving because she is better at putting together simple puzzles and drawing shapes; however, she is yet to improve on the coordination with pouring liquids because some spills. Lily is able to hold crayons with her fingers rather than her fist; besides, she is able to dress and undress with little help. Lily is much nimble because at this stage in her development she is able to handle small objects, use age-appropriate scissors and draw a person with at least four body parts that are essentially a face two stick legs and arms (Educator observation notes, 2013; Educator Video recording, 2013; Educator audio recording, 2013). Cognitive development At her age, Lily is able to communicate clearly in sentence of 5 to 6 words or even in complete sentences and even tell stories. Lily is able to ask many questions and she is even able to correctly name familiar colours, understand the concept of different and count and comprehend the concept of counting. She has a vocabula ry of several words, acts out social encounters in play activities, she understands her name and gender and she is able to share and engage in cooperative play. She is imaginative and talks to the toys and imitates what she sees around her, she begins to make friends outside her immediate family because she is able to communicate with playmates; hence, she shows enjoyment in engaging in such activities. Through her associative play, she begins to share with other children and playing with Alfie who is her age mate helps in establishing socialization skills. Cognitive learning in Lily involves not only learning the alphabet and counting but also absorbing information, asking questions, processing and understanding. Lily has a good grasp of language and can say and understand hundreds of... In the study, Lily is able to speak and be understood at least half the time and she is capable of carrying out a conversation of 2-3 sentences. The video of the water play shows that the girl is anxious to learn new things, full of enthusiasm and energy and does things alone. This assessment of Lily aims at assessing her physical development, cognitive development and social and emotional developmental with regard to development theory, milestones and curriculum documents in the area. Moreover, the assessment also offers recommendations for the identified needs of the child in focus based on the various ways educators can help in enhancing effective brain development in children. The child can learn about herself and construct her identity within the context of the family and community, which correlates with Vygotsky’s theory. This involves her relationship with people, places and things as well as actions and responses of others because identity is never fixed but shaped by experiences. When the child has positive experiences she is able to develop the understanding that she is significant and respected and develops a sense of belonging. In early childhood, a child develops a common sense of fitting in when she feels acknowledged, creates attachments and trusts individuals who care for her, which is in line with Bandura’s socio-economic theory.

Human Service Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human Service - Essay Example Supported Employment is defined as integrated work environment offering competitive work to people with significant disabilities together with the support to enable them perform their functions (Anthony, 2005, Pg.2). Before the introduction of supported employment, people with significant disabilities had very few options for work such as special segregated workshops and work activity programs. Moreover, supported employment programs have enabled the disabled to access personalized and continuing support in competitive work setting, thus integrating the community workforce and presenting the disabled with opportunity to work in competitive employment. The introduction and development of the SE was very innovative and ambitious in that, first, placement into jobs was achieved faster without much job preparation found in sheltered workshops; secondly, support was assured for all the time needed in the competitive job; thirdly, there was general assumption that all people regardless of their disabilities can perform important and productive work in a normal work environment (Anthony, 2005, P.2). With these approaches, the SE introduced a rapid departure from the conservative services for the state VR agencies and permanent support agencies supporting persons with severe disabilities. The SE was a hybrid of the two systems aimed at supporting the severely disabled in community jobs. Moreover, the SE transformed the funding system of the VR agencies and the permanent services agencies, with the former starting to fund extensive work setting supports to more needy groups than previously catered for and the later started funding work related services in competitive work environments. The SE was originally crafted for people with developmental disabilities and later was incorporated into psychiatric rehabilitation program (Anthony, 2005. P.3). Research on early psychiatric vocational rehabilitation facilities implied need to establish vocational rehabilitation services , with the fundamental principles of psychiatric rehabilitation (PR) and those of SE sharing many similarities. With the research recommendations, the Center for Mental Services (CMHS) sponsored the SE implementation resource kit structured to support the implementation of SE as evidence based practice in psychiatric rehabilitation program (Anthony, 2005, P.4). The SE works through state agencies dealing with VR disabilities and mental health, utilizing several of purchase of service (POS) programs to secure employment from provider agencies. Many of the POS programs share similarities in their defined services, a purchasable unit for each service and a unit cost for each defined service (Novak, Mank, Revell & Zemaitis, n.d, P.3). The POS program has enabled the growth of hour-based POS agreement, based on personalized program information with defined units of services received by each customer. This has improved the number of VR agencies utilizing the result based funding strategie s to access SE services from the community. The impact that supported employment has had in the rehabilitation field The SE has impacted very much on the rehabilitation field especially in terms of cost effectiveness, societal integration and health benefits. Cost effectiveness Implementation of SE in rehabilitation programmes has proved to be more cost effective compared to other VR programmes.

The empowerment of women rights Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The empowerment of women rights - Research Paper Example This suggests that the gender has been over-emphasized upon in the assessment of eligibility to work while it was a very insignificant factor on the intellectual grounds. Empowerment of women is the fundamental prerequisite of the eradication of extremism and poverty. Extremism is fundamentally against women empowerment. Extremism means exaggeration. Extremists consider the women inferior to men in all areas. There is no doubt in the fact that men are physically stronger as compared to the men, but extremism further underestimates the women to the extent that their intellectual abilities are challenged, which are by no means lesser than those of the men. â€Å"[A] study of National Association of Investors Corporation (NAIC), found that women- only clubs achieved average annual returns of 32% since 1951 versus 23% for men-only investment clubs. The verdict is; women know how to handle money and can be greater entrepreneurs than men if the various obstacles to development is removed or minimized† (Osalor). In addition to that, religious fanatics cannot see women progressing in the society and standing shoulder to shoulder with men. In the extremely conservative societies, women are not allowed to work. Victorian Era is fundamentally known for the extreme subjugation of women’s rights. ... Women are roughly equal to men in number in the world’s population. Just like many men don’t like working with women, many women also don’t like being dealt with by men. Women have their own issues and for many of which, they need the counseling, treatment and advice only from women. Such issues include medical issues, education and psychological counseling. Women are better able to understand and provide advice upon the women’s issues than men are. In many cases, the feministic perspective plays a fundamental role in understanding the female client’s problems. In addition to that, a lot of people in the conservative societies do not educate their daughters because of the unavailability of female teachers. In an attempt to keep their daughters safe from the issues of coeducation that include but are not limited to the boyfriend-girlfriend culture, premarital sex and court marriages, parents tend to compromise upon the daughters’ education. In turn, they remain illiterate and unable to equip themselves with the necessary skills to be able to join the workforce. Illiteracy of the women happens to be one of the most fundamental causes of the epidemic of poverty in such societies. Likewise, women are required in the healthcare sector in order to cater for the needs of the women in the society. Women prefer female gynecologists over the male gynecologists because of several reasons including the religion, custom and culture. Women have proved their strength quite a lot of times in the past, whenever they had acquired a chance to. At the time of the 19th century industrial revolution, women had come into the front line in order to get employed and earn. Their intention was fundamentally to serve as their husband’s helping hand, and they proved

Racial and Ethnic Stereotypes Essay Example for Free

Racial and Ethnic Stereotypes Essay People being indiscriminate based on partial and inexact information by sources as television, cartoons or even comic books This is a description that seems to go against many public standards. The above words are the exact description of stereotypes. Stereotypes as implicit from the description, goes mostly hand in hand with media only not the standard meaning of the blameless media we know. Media propaganda is the other form of media that is somewhat described as media treatment. In this paper, the subsequent will be discussed: first, how stereotypes of ethnic groups operate in propaganda, why does it function so satisfactorily, and finally, the consequences of these stereotypes on the life of Egyptians in particular in society. A fair inspection will be conducted on this example of stereotypes through clarification examples and research consequences from researches conducted from reliable sources. The real association between Egyptians’ stereotypes and propaganda discussed in this paper shall magnify the suggestion of stereotypes and propaganda in common. It seems essential for this paper to start with some clarification of the circumstances related with propaganda. Propaganda can be thought of as a foster parent for stereotypes. Propaganda is recognized to be the planned manipulation of public opinion through concealed messages in advertisements and other media functions. Thus, propaganda uses numerous techniques to be able to consign theses hidden messages to the public and influence their view. Fear, brainwashing, name calling, glittering generality, misinformation and much more are some of the ways that propaganda uses to persuade and manipulate the opinions of the masses. Propaganda finds the usefulness of stereotypes in the fact that it’s easy, quick and direct to the public. In the case of stereotypes about ethnic groups, Egyptians in this case are being portrayed as uneducated, unethical, ignorant, desert animal raisers, terrorists and uncultured ethnic group. These name calling and misinformation techniques are what propagandists use to contrive the society to portray Egyptians as humans of the underworld and Egypt as a deserted country that hunger and ill health are its residents. The preceding are all stereotypes that are propagandas of the media to convince such generality into truth and facts. Racial stereotypes particularly function usually through propaganda of the media, due to the improbability of every man travelling to every country, with the technique of ‘misinformation’ through movies, shows, and news reports. Egyptians have been stereotyped as desert residents for many years regardless of the reality and actual state of Egypt as a country. For instance, the stereotypes pointing that Egyptians are mostly uneducated due to their ignorance of the importance of education is proven false by studies of trustworthy sources. Among those studies, the one conducted by the American university in Cairo, Egypt. Al-Ahram weekly, a credible newspaper known all across the Arab world, has posted in its October issue of 1998 the following: â€Å"According to Sahar El-Tawila, the essential researcher on the team, interviews conducted with girls and boys nationwide demonstrate convincingly that work and marriage were rarely stated by boys and girls respectively as reasons for departing school†¦ These may be options for those who have already left school, but they are not the impetus behind their decision to leave† (Al-Ahram 1998). Therefore, according to an American research, Egyptians are not uneducated conceited nation. After all, there is at least an American University known worldwide built in Cairo where many Egyptians have gotten their Bachelors, Masters and PhD’s from. Still, the media has successfully manipulated the public opinion to reason Egyptians as desert wonderers. Now that the first concern, of how such Egyptian-bashing stereotypes work in propaganda, has been discussed, an interesting question then must be asked: how did it come about so successfully for the public of North America to view Egyptians in such state of mind? Media being a powerful information source to the majority of North Americans, and sometimes the only source of information about specific ethnic groups, has the ability to convince the public viewpoints and opinions. Of course with stereotypes powered by propaganda in movies is very thriving in view of that American films are the most favored and appreciated media function. Openly, in one of the movie reviews now on a review website about the movie â€Å"The Mummy† which takes place in Egypt from start to end, the subsequent sentence was stated: â€Å"The Mummy is a lot of fun. So the story is unsophisticated and the characters are all stereotypes (particularly the Egyptians, who are either noble desert warriors or smelly illiterate pig-things). Who cares? The special effects are truly spectacular. † (Jennifer Mellerick, 1999). Easily, stereotypes are even expected by who understands them and the media propaganda generates more and more. To attest that such depiction is a stereotype and not fact, the website ‘Egypt WWW Index’ has a list of all universities in Egypt (an estimated thirty educational institutions in total), many links to political and governmental committees and services, business, commercial, and entertainment facilities, as well as links to political women figures in the Egyptian society. More than the average North American could even imagine of Egypt , and it is all owed to the media propaganda that produced this image of Egyptians. People being indiscriminate based on partial and inexact information by sources as television, cartoons or even comic books This is a description that seems to go against many public standards. The above words are the exact description of stereotypes. Stereotypes as implicit from the description, goes mostly hand in hand with media only not the standard meaning of the blameless media we know. Media propaganda is the other form of media that is somewhat described as media treatment. In this paper, the subsequent will be discussed: first, how stereotypes of ethnic groups operate in propaganda, why does it function so satisfactorily, and finally, the consequences of these stereotypes on the life of Egyptians in particular in society. A fair inspection will be conducted on this example of stereotypes through clarification examples and research consequences from researches conducted from reliable sources. The real association between Egyptians’ stereotypes and propaganda discussed in this paper shall magnify the suggestion of stereotypes and propaganda in common. It seems essential for this paper to start with some clarification of the circumstances related with propaganda. Propaganda can be thought of as a foster parent for stereotypes. Propaganda is recognized to be the planned manipulation of public opinion through concealed messages in advertisements and other media functions. Thus, propaganda uses numerous techniques to be able to consign theses hidden messages to the public and influence their view. Fear, brainwashing, name calling, glittering generality, misinformation and much more are some of the ways that propaganda uses to persuade and manipulate the opinions of the masses. Propaganda finds the usefulness of stereotypes in the fact that it’s easy, quick and direct to the public. In the case of stereotypes about ethnic groups, Egyptians in this case are being portrayed as uneducated, unethical, ignorant, desert animal raisers, terrorists and uncultured ethnic group. These name calling and misinformation techniques are what propagandists use to contrive the society to portray Egyptians as humans of the underworld and Egypt as a deserted country that hunger and ill health are its residents. The preceding are all stereotypes that are propagandas of the media to convince such generality into truth and facts. Racial stereotypes particularly function usually through propaganda of the media, due to the improbability of every man travelling to every country, with the technique of ‘misinformation’ through movies, shows, and news reports. Egyptians have been stereotyped as desert residents for many years regardless of the reality and actual state of Egypt as a country. For instance, the stereotypes pointing that Egyptians are mostly uneducated due to their ignorance of the importance of education is proven false by studies of trustworthy sources. Among those studies, the one conducted by the American university in Cairo, Egypt. Al-Ahram weekly, a credible newspaper known all across the Arab world, has posted in its October issue of 1998 the following: â€Å"According to Sahar El-Tawila, the essential researcher on the team, interviews conducted with girls and boys nationwide demonstrate convincingly that work and marriage were rarely stated by boys and girls respectively as reasons for departing school†¦ These may be options for those who have already left school, but they are not the impetus behind their decision to leave† (Al-Ahram 1998). Therefore, according to an American research, Egyptians are not uneducated conceited nation. After all, there is at least an American University known worldwide built in Cairo where many Egyptians have gotten their Bachelors, Masters and PhD’s from. Still, the media has successfully manipulated the public opinion to reason Egyptians as desert wonderers. Now that the first concern, of how such Egyptian-bashing stereotypes work in propaganda, has been discussed, an interesting question then must be asked: how did it come about so successfully for the public of North America to view Egyptians in such state of mind? Media being a powerful information source to the majority of North Americans, and sometimes the only source of information about specific ethnic groups, has the ability to convince the public viewpoints and opinions. Of course with stereotypes powered by propaganda in movies is very thriving in view of that American films are the most favored and appreciated media function. Openly, in one of the movie reviews now on a review website about the movie â€Å"The Mummy† which takes place in Egypt from start to end, the subsequent sentence was stated: â€Å"The Mummy is a lot of fun. So the story is unsophisticated and the characters are all stereotypes (particularly the Egyptians, who are either noble desert warriors or smelly illiterate pig-things). Who cares? The special effects are truly spectacular. † (Jennifer Mellerick, 1999). Easily, stereotypes are even expected by who understands them and the media propaganda generates more and more. To attest that such depiction is a stereotype and not fact, the website ‘Egypt WWW Index’ has a list of all universities in Egypt (an estimated thirty educational institutions in total), many links to political and governmental committees and services, business, commercial, and entertainment facilities, as well as links to political women figures in the Egyptian society. More than the average North American could even imagine of Egypt , and it is all owed to the media propaganda that produced this image of Egyptians. Racial and Ethnic Stereotypes Furthermore, Egyptians are stereotyped to be uninformed owing to the reality that they are thought of as technology uneducated. In a website found throughout the study on this topic, a person of an Indian ethnicity by the given name of Shani Rifati has set up a website, which he calls â€Å"Please Call Me Rom†. To right the depiction of his race to North Americans, Shani said: â€Å"I am not a Gypsy. The term Gypsy comes from peoples ignorance, when we were wrong for Egyptians† (Rifati). Remarkable huh! Here is an example of a person that is defending his own nationality from stereotypes, yet uses stereotypes. What is even more interesting than that is the reality that the Egyptian history has been known to be the supreme civilization of all times, yet such culture is simply bashed by supercilious that all Egyptians are just ignorant Gypsies. â€Å" African American and Latino children who are aware of broadly held stereotypes about academic aptitude perform more disappointingly on a cognitive task when that task is described as a measure of capability than when the same task is described as a problem-solving duty. † (Carol Hyman 2003). Therefore racial or ethnic stereotypes that work in media propaganda or rather called media manipulation, has not only had influences on adults, but also is passed over with the youth of tomorrow. It is easy to give out information with no truthful back up, but the public inclination is what can moreover stop media propaganda from disturbing the public opinion or simply energize such unsafe aspect of the media, stereotypes. Furthermore, Egyptians are stereotyped to be uninformed owing to the reality that they are thought of as technology uneducated. In a website found throughout the study on this topic, a person of an Indian ethnicity by the given name of Shani Rifati has set up a website, which he calls â€Å"Please Call Me Rom†. To right the depiction of his race to North Americans, Shani said: â€Å"I am not a Gypsy. The term Gypsy comes from peoples ignorance, when we were wrong for Egyptians† (Rifati). Remarkable huh! Here is an example of a person that is defending his own nationality from stereotypes, yet uses stereotypes. What is even more interesting than that is the reality that the Egyptian history has been known to be the supreme civilization of all times, yet such culture is simply bashed by supercilious that all Egyptians are just ignorant Gypsies. â€Å" African American and Latino children who are aware of broadly held stereotypes about academic aptitude perform more disappointingly on a cognitive task when that task is described as a measure of capability than when the same task is described as a problem-solving duty. † (Carol Hyman 2003). Therefore racial or ethnic stereotypes that work in media propaganda or rather called media manipulation, has not only had influences on adults, but also is passed over with the youth of tomorrow. It is easy to give out information with no truthful back up, but the public inclination is what can moreover stop media propaganda from disturbing the public opinion or simply energize such unsafe aspect of the media, stereotypes.

Perception of the African American Males Essay Example for Free

Perception of the African American Males Essay

Comparison And Contrast Between Achilles And Hector History Essay

Comparison And Contrast Between Achilles And Hector History Essay Homers poem The Iliad is an epic poem that describes the majority of the war between Greek and Trojan. The purpose of this essay is to enhance our critical reading and writing skills. The mean of this is essay is compare and contrast between Achilles and Hector discussing the similarities between two protagonists of the poem the Iliad. I think its important to be sure that we have a complete understanding of the things being compared because it will be much easier to write a critical essay. The poem was written by Homer who is generally considered being one of the most important poets and authors of the eighth century. Also, Homer has had an enormous influence on the history of literature and he has a particular form of writing. To my understanding, He had the ability to perceive life in a different way because he wrote most about of the life in Greek and war their respective times. The poem the Iliad is very important and interesting because He teaches many good things about the lif e of one person during the war. The main protagonists of the Poem are Achilles who is considered as the greatest warrior in the world. Achilles is the son of Peleus, the former king of the Myrmidons, and a sea nymph named Thetis. Patroclus is Greek warrior and beloved companion of Achilles. Menelaus is King of Sparta and brother of Agamemnon and he is who his wife, Helen, was taken by prince Paris Trojan, After, was like that the Greeks declared war on Troy. Agamemnon is Commander of the Greek armies and son of Atreus, the king of Mycenae. Hector is prince of Trojan and revered the bravest of the Trojan warriors. Priam is King of Troy. Andromache is noble and dedicated wife from Hectors. Paris is Prince Trojan and who took Helen from Menelaus. Zeus is King of the gods, who prefers to remain neutral in the war but he intervenes after a plea for help. Hera is Queen of the gods, who favors the Greeks. Apollo is revered like a god of light and the sun, who sides with the Trojans. Thetis is known as the goddess of water, who is the mother of Achilles. Although exist many most protagonist but to me them are most important. (Harold Bloom) According to Egbert Haverkamp Begemann , Homer was a writer; whose writing manifests of the wars between Greek and Trojan. The Iliad, the subject is war. The Greek army has traveled to Troy to battle the Trojan army by the recused Menelaus wife Helen from Paris , resulting in a war that rages on for the better part of a ten year. To me the three most important and relevant protagonist of the Iliad is Achilles, Hector and Patroclus. Achilles fights for the Greek army and is considered the greatest of the Greek warriors. Patroclus is the most loyal commander from Achilles and considered like brother of war of the great Achilles. While Hector, who fights for the Trojan army, he is not only a prince of Troy is also considered the greatest of the Trojan warriors. Achilles and Hector are most important characters in the Iliad because they are respected and revered as heroes by all people of their side. They are different by the way that they had relationships with their families, the way that they lead their troops in the Iliad in the way that they view and interact with the power of the gods. The first contrast between Achilles and Hector is that they have different personalities and how they live their life. Hector is a man of family who loves his child and wife and he believed that Confidence, communication is important to build a good relationship with respect and love to keep the family. Also, he can forget war when a little child cries or his people suffer by the war. Whiles Achilles is ruled by his uncontrollable passions as seen in his rage and proud headstrong ways and to Achilles is evident that military glory is more important than family life. He risks his life in order to gain military glory. According, The Iliad is a poem that shown Achilles has a great love to his mother and his close friendship with Patroclus and Briseis. Achilles is a man who comes to live by and for violence (Lawall 115). Achilles was like that because he was grown with this Greek culture where always were in wars. Also, Achilles never see his lasting life was not in his future because he always was presented in all wars that the Greek have by pride and gain glory. Also, He is willing to sacrifice his life only so that his name will be remembered. For Hector, war is a necessary evil in which he fights bravely, but reluctantly (Lawall 115). While Achilles participating or fighting in wars by pride, glory and to have his name remembered, Hectors motivation is more humanistic. A great example by that Hector is considered one hero between the Trojans is because he fighting against the Achaeans is all about preventing well-being and keeps peaceful in his land. Furthermore, hector have pride but different to pride of Achilles because his pride is subdued in order to maintain his loyalty to his homeland and its people. Hectors loyalty is evident in the Iliad. Another important contrast between the characters principals of the Iliad has different ways of showing heroism. Hector is a hero in his own way. Although he died in a very dreadful way, the Trojans all celebrated him as a great hero of their time because He fought by people of his land and peace. While Achilles were possibly the most important warrior and hero of Greek time. Although, The Greeks treat Patroclus as a hero after his death, He was given a great celebration in his honor because Patroclus death is the most important influenced to that Achilles participating in the war against Trojan and so they could win the war. To me understand a great similiratlity between Achilles and hector according to Iliad, Achilles loves Briseis and Agamemnon rips her from him, without remorse. After the great Achilles doesnt believe that he should fight in it war because he was directly insulted to his pride like man when Agamemnon demanded to the love of his life Briseis. He was fury to refuse to fight against the Trojans by the fail of respect of Agamemnon to him. According the Iliad, Hectors love for his family is shown when he is shown playing with his infant son before he goes out to meet his death at the hands of Achilles. To me understand is one great example love and passion that the family has in the life of hector. Another similarity is when Achilles feeling guilty for the death of Patroclus and other Acadians who had died by the pride and choice of refused to participating in the war after the great offend by part Agamemnon. In addition, Achilles realized the consequences of his actions and He was sorry for what he had done and wanted to fix it. Then is when Achilles feels that if he kills Hector, Patroclus death will be justly avenged and he will not carry by his actions. Hector values honor and pride in his army and homeland more than he values life. For example, when he advises the citizens of Troy to sleep outside the city gates, because he assumes all is safe and then finds out people were murdered through the night because by the raging Achilles had returned, he assumes full responsibility for the disaster. If the situation had been reversed, Achilles would have pointed fingers of blame at others, but on the contrary, Hector knew that he had made a mistake and was to ashamed to return inside the gates, instead giving his live attempting the end that of the man who viciously killed so many Trojans. (Harold Bloom) this quote is important to understand the personality, values that the great hector have, courage and honor required to be recognized like a true epic hero. Hector demonstrates every quality an epic hero should. He combines his fighting abilities with integrity, humanity, and an entirely altruistic approach to every situation he faces. He honestly lives to fairly fight his best every day for the Trojans.

Danielle Steels The Ring - A Thin Line Between Fiction and Reality :: Danielle Steel Ring Essays

Danielle Steel's The Ring - A Thin Line Between Fiction and Reality Fiction can be considered something invented by the imagination. Although many people might feel that fiction is totally exclusive of reality, I believe that there is a very thin line between fiction and reality. This is proved in Danielle Steel's The Ring, where she has used common characters and placed them in realistic situations, facing everyday realistic issues. The Ring gives the reader a sense of realism in a fictitious novel. In fact, Danielle Steel does a really good job, portraying the characters in realistic situations such as Kassandra dealing with her affair, Walmar acting as an overprotective father to Ariana and Gerhard, and Ariana struggling to find her family. All these characters have been intertwined in a real historical setting that has, to some extent, led to their dilemmas. Kassandra's affair with Dolff is a result of being married to an elderly man, Walmar, in an arranged marriage. While Kassandra's affair cannot be justified, it is dealt with realistically as many women might engage in a similar activity under the given circumstances. These circumstances are best described by Danielle Steel, as follows, "Her assistance wasn't needed, her help, or her love, or her time" (20). There is no doubt that some women in her place would have an affair to feel special, important, and needed. And that is exactly how Dolff has made her feel. Danielle Steel confirms, "And with Dolff, Kassandra had found what she had always so desperately needed, someone who understood the odd meanderings of her soul, the longings, the fragmented pieces, the rebelliousness against the lonely restrictions of her world" (12). While this affair may seem immoral and wrong, it presents a realistic state that many people, both men and women can relate to, as seen in the movie version. Even the brutal murder of Dolff by the Nazis and Kassandra’s suicide are realistic consequences foreshadowed in Walmar’s earlier warning to Kassandra to stop the affair. Walmar also plays a pivotal part in The Ring, and just like Kassandra, he has been placed in some harsh and realistic circumstances as an overprotective father. Walmar has grown more attached to his children, Ariana and Gerhard, after his wife’s suicide. Just like any father, Walmar wants to protect his children from anything and everything, after losing their mother.

Russia :: essays research papers

RUSSIA(RUH-shuh) Russia’s official name is Russian Federation and it’s capital is Moscow with a population of 8.3 million. It was declared an independent country in August 24 of the year 1991. Russia’s population is 143,782, 338 (July 2004 est.) It’s size is 6.5 million sq. mi. or 17 million sq. Km. Russians practice th following religions: Russian Orthodox, Islamic, Jewish, Roman Catholic, Protestant, Buddhist and other. Their mane language is Russian. LOCATION Russia is in Eurasia and it is neighbor of 13 countries: Finland, Norway, Estonia, Latvia, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazaksta, China, Mongolia, South Korea and Lithuania. GEPGRAPHY There are broad plains, low hills, vast coniferous forest, uplands and mountains in Russia. There is tundra in Siberia and a northern continental climate that is between subarctic to subtropical. ECONOMY Economy grows 7.3% a year. Russia’s natural resources are petroleum, natural gas, timber and furs. Agriculture products are grain, sugar beets, sunflower seeds, meat and dairy products. This country exports petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, woods and wood products, metals, chemicals and military manufacturs. GOVERNMENT Russia’s president is Vladimir Putin and it’s prime minister is Mikhail Fradkov. In the Constitution, declared on December 12, 1993, says that the president can pass decrees without consent from the Duma and may disband the Duma, that he’s the head of the armed forces and the security council. FOOD Russians eat a lot of hearty food because cold climates call for them. One example is kasha, a boiled grain, often cooked with onions and mushrooms. Thick vegetables and fish soups served with lots of fillling bread are also eaten in the country. Sweet black tea is a favorite hot drink.

Illegal Immigration In The United States :: Immigration and Politics

Why does the issue of immigration divide American opinions when the United States is a country built by immigrants? The online encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org defines immigration to the United States as "the permanent movement of foreigners to the United States." This online encyclopedia also states that immigration to the United States has been a major source of population growth and cultural change throughout American history." In order to establish an objective and well thought out viewpoint on this very sensitive subject, I thought it would be best to discuss as many different viewpoints as possible. However, my research indicates that is seems like everyone in the United States and abroad has his or her own stance. So I will limit this discussion to two viewpoints; they are as follows: • Those who oppose illegal immigration and want the immigrants to be forced back to their originating countries. • Those who oppose illegal immigration but would prefer that illegal immigrants that reside within the United States are granted citizenship options. There are obviously quite a number of people that are opposed to illegal immigration. In order to witness this reality today, all you really have to do is turn on your TV and search for a news channel that is covering current politics. You will definitely hear something in reference to the current issue of illegal immigrants within the United States as well as numerous videos or images of activists protesting or supporting the residential status of immigrants within the United States today. No decision has been made on what will happen to the millions of illegal immigrants that currently reside in the United States, but I am sure that the heated debate will become more heated when presidential elections occur. I think this will be the ultimate driving factor for a decision on what will happen with the illegal immigration issue we are witnessing today. There are numerous reasons why people oppose immigration. Some have antiracially motivated objectives. They simply reject imm igrants because of racist notions. Another reason why people opposed both legal and illegal immigration is because they believe that the population levels will increase severely, which will ultimately cause joblessness and an increase in famine and crime within the United States.(1) These reasons are more socioeconomically related. One could say the ultimate reason is due to fear of a negative impact at an individual level as well as a deteriorating environment.

From History to Modern Era Essay

The great virtue of this estimate of Zionism is that it seems to succeed in providing the modern movement with a long history of which it is the heir. Zionism is made to stand in an unending line of messianic stirrings and rebellions against an evil destiny which began right after the destruction of the Temple by the Romans, with the Bar Kokba revolt in the next century. This theory highlights the story of frequent â€Å"ascents† of small groups of pietists from the Diaspora to the Holy Land, occurring in every century of the medieval and pre- modern age, as expressions of a main theme — indeed, of the main theme — of â€Å"return,† which gave meaning to Jewish experience in the exile. The bond between the people and its land, which it never gave up hope of resettling, was thus never broken, and Zionism is, therefore, the consummation of Jewish history under the long-awaited propitious circumstances afforded by the age of liberalism and nationalism. Despite its neatness and appeal, this construction, which is chiefly identified with the name of the distinguished Israeli historian, Ben Zion Dinur, must be subjected to serious criticism. In the first place, it is really a kind of synthetic Zionist ideology presented as history. The assumption of being in the midst of an â€Å"end of days,† of a final resolution of the tension between the Jew and the world, is as yet unprovable. To date, even after the creation of the state of Israel, Zionism has neither failed nor succeeded. The position of the Jew is still unique in the world, and only those who are certain that their theories foretell the future can be convinced that, for example, the Diaspora will soon be dissolved. This may, indeed, be true, but an interpretation of the meaning of Zionism in Jewish history which boldly asserts that it must come to pass — as this theory does — is suspect of being doctrinaire. Much more could be said in detail about the implications of this theory that Zionism is Jewish messianism in process of realizing itself through this-worldly means. This description fits that stream of Zionist thought which remained orthodox in religious outlook, and therefore limited its tinkering with the classical messianic conception of the Jewish religion to the question of means; but this thesis pretends to apply to the main body of the movement, and, as such, it is artificial and evasive. What is being obscured is the crucial problem of modern Zionist ideology, the tension between the inherited messianic concept and the radically new meaning that Zionism, at its most modern, was proposing to give it. Zionism: Messianic Era Religious messianism had always imagined the Redemption as a confrontation between the Jew and God. The gentile played a variety of roles in this drama — as chastising rod in the divine hand, as the enemy to be discomfited, or, at very least, as the spectator to pay homage at the end of the play — but none of these parts are indispensable to the plot. In the cutting edge of Zionism, in its most revolutionary expression, the essential dialogue is now between the Jew and the nations of the earth. What marks modern Zionism as a fresh beginning in Jewish history is that its ultimate values derive from the general milieu. The Messiah is now identified with the dream of an age of individual liberty, national freedom, and economic and social justice — i. e. , with the progressive faith of the nineteenth century. This is the true Copernican revolution which modern Zionism announced — and it patently represents a fundamental change not merely in the concept of the means to the Redemption but in end values. Every aspect of Jewish messianism has been completely transmuted by this new absolute. So, classical Judaism had, for the most part, imagined that at some propitious moment an inner turning by the Chosen People would be the preamble to evoking the saving grace of God. Zionism, too, knows that the Jewish people must be remade in order to be redeemed — indeed, its sweeping and passionate demands lent themselves to being spoken in language reminiscent of the prophets — but it is supremely aware that its millennium is out of reach without the assent and co-operation of the dominant political powers.

High Wire Essay

The living standards of an individual in any country depend on numerous factors. The economic conditions of that country, is one of the most important factor which influences the lives of the people living and working in the country. The changes in the economic conditions of country have a huge impact on the lives of people, as they affect their earning and spending capacity. One such country which is experiencing massive changes in its economy is America. America was regarded as a country where one can achieve his/her dream of an affluent and prosperous lifestyle but the recent economic situation in America tells another story. The book â€Å"High Wire: The Precarious Financial Lives of American Families† by Peter Gosselin deals with the economy of America and the changes it has undergone since 1970s. The author brings forth the affects of these changes on the financial lives of Americans. The changes in the economic policies of America have led to a situation in America where Americans are being deprived of financial security. Through his book, Gosselin throws light on the financial life of Americans which is becoming more and more insecure, owing to the shift of risk from the employers to employees, from the insurance companies to their clients and from the federal government to the American people. Financial Lives In the book â€Å"High Wire: The Precarious Financial Lives of American Families† by Peter Gosselin, the author focuses on the financial lives of Americans in the present times. He begins his book by pointing out the difference in the economic conditions in America and the financial lives of its people in the past and in the present times. In the period that followed World War II, Americans led a life of prosperity and affluence, owing to the favorable economic conditions in their country. â€Å"The first is that for most of the past quarter century, the United States has enjoyed the return of a resilient and growing prosperity that once seemed lost. † (Gosselin 1). But in present times, the financial lives of Americans have been affected by the changing economic scenario in their country. Even if they are leading a life of prosperity, they are insecure regarding their financial lives. â€Å"The second fact is that many of us, even the affluent among us -those with family income running into the hundreds dollars-have arrived at the new century increasingly uneasy, with a gnawing sense that our circumstances are changing in ways that leave us less secure. † (Gosselin 2). The lack of security is having a huge impact on the lives of Americans. After citing the economic situation, in which the Americans are leading their lives, the author goes on to analyze the reasons for this insecurity that is gripping Americans. The foremost reason he mentions in his book is related to the new economic policies which places the risk on the individuals instead of government. â€Å"In its place, wrapped in the economic doctrine of free markets and the moral precept of personal responsibility, stands a new first principle: Each of us is now expected to forge our own future, free to rise or fall as our talents or luck may dictate. † (Gosselin 4). In support of his claim, Gosselin provides numerous examples which prove the shift of risk from government, employers and insurance companies to the people. Insurance companies are taking advantage of the new economic policies and reducing the payments which are claimed by their clients. In such circumstances, American people are forced to bear their medical expenses, without any substantial support from their insurance companies. The concept that individuals or companies are responsible for their own financial conditions has led to the collapse of even big companies. â€Å"Within days, in September 2008, another investment bank, Lehman Brothers, was on the brink collapse†¦.. But Paulson under intense political pressure from Conservative Republicans in Washington to invoke moral hazard and let the company fail†. (Inside The Meltdown). Another factor that has greatly influenced the financial lives of Americans is the effect a job loss has on the work life of an individual. The unemployment benefits that a worker receives after a job have reduced drastically in the comparison to the times before a couple of decades ago. The author also brings forth the fact that a job loss leads to a greater drop in wages in present times. A worker, who has lost his job, is compelled to work on fewer wages on his next job, thereby leading to a drastic reduction in his/her spending capacity. Effects on Individuals The effects of the drastic changes in the socio-economic policies of America on individuals working and leading their lives in America are presented by Gosselin. He writes in his book that in present times, American people are more concerned about the problems they will face in their financial lives than the national problems. â€Å"Indeed, it has not been public events that sometimes awaken us and leave us tossing in bed. Instead, fleetingly, but recurrently, we have been night stalked by questions about our private lives. † (Gosselin 2). They are worried about their medical expenses, the cost of education of their children, the impact a job loss would have on their family. The author cites the examples of some individuals in his book to bring forth the impact the changed rules in American economy is having on American people. He writes about real people whose financial lives have been largely impacted owing to the new economic policies in their country. Individuals like Debra Potter had to bear the medical expenses on their own, as their insurance companies, taking advantage of the new economic policies, refused to pay them the proper amount of benefits liable to them. People received benefits from their insurance companies but they were insufficient enough to cover their medical expenses. A job loss turned the life of an individual upside down, like Coss who had to manage with meager unemployment benefits after losing his job as the Vice President of a reputed bank. â€Å"As Coss-tall, taciturn, with short-cropped almost military, hair- recounted what it was like to go from earning several thousand dollars a week to collecting a few hundred in unemployment benefits. † (Gosselin 6). With the aid of statistics, Gosselin proves his claim about the growing insecurity among the Americans regarding their financial lives. The changed economic conditions has created such a situation in America where financial lives of its people lack the security which is needed to stabilize them when they are effected by a job loss, medical expenses or college education. The government is not providing a security net where people can cope with the changes that new economic policies are having on their financial lives. People have to deal with these changes on their own. â€Å"Instead of joining together to solve problems, that affect the whole society, the heralds of the new approach say, more responsibility should be placed on individuals and families.† (Gosselin 5). Even though the number of people whose financial lives have changed owing to the new economic situation is less, these effected people are less likely to return to their former financial positions. â€Å"As with so much else about the present economy, the dangers are like rifle shots, hitting fewer targets but doing more lasting damage. † (Gosselin 54). The financial lives of Americans are being influenced by a number of factors. Through this book, Gosselin brings forth these factors and the impacts these factors are having on the way the Americans are managing their work lives and family expenses. Conclusion The author has put forth the current economic situation and the impact it is having on the financial lives of Americans in his book â€Å"High Wire: The Precarious Financial Lives of American Families†. Being an economics reporter, the author has succeeded in presenting the real picture of American economy and the insecurity experienced by American people regarding their financial lives. His book differs from other books written on this topic, for Gosselin has presented an accurate depiction of American economy in present times. He also brings forth the reasons which have led to insecure financial lives for the Americans. He holds the government and the companies responsible for this situation in America. But he fails to consider the other factors that are influencing the economic situation in America. He focuses only on the economic policies of American government and American companies, and ignores the impact of other countries on the American economy. The book has aided me in understanding the present economic condition of America and the risk its people are facing regarding their financial lives. It also made me aware of the negative impact the new policies are having on American economy. My thinking that the new economic policies were assisting in the economic development of the America was proved wrong after reading this book. The book can be helpful for economists as well as the common people of America, for it will inform them about the reasons for their insecure financial lives, and this information will assist them in voting for appropriate candidate during the Presidential elections.

No Class Pets!

Imagine that you are a soft and adorable Guiana pig that was born in a pet store from your captured parents. There, shoppers are banging on the cage window, trying to wake you up and see you running on your hamster wheel, and are screaming â€Å"Look! Cute piggy! † When you are purchased, you are transported to a tight, compact cage, believing thou will finally have some peace and quiet, but instead, every day you must endure even more despicable kindergà ¤rtners. Now, when you were busy imagining that you were that poor Guiana pig, you felt angry and mistreated, right?It s obvious that whether we should have classroom pets or not is a complex issue. While some may believe that class pets are beneficial In some ways, I feel that after researching both sides, It Is clear that there should not be any class pets. There are many disadvantages of having a classroom pet. They will waste too much money and demand a lot of attention. One disadvantage of having a class pet is that pet s aren't for free. In fact, they're very expensive! Guiana pigs may be small, but still have all the characteristics to be worthy of being called a â€Å"living thing.So if one died, its death cannot be called â€Å"smaller† than a human death. Humans cannot underestimate animals because of size. Therefore, they must be fed and given all basic necessities dally, and need to be raised properly. According to â€Å"Does a Guiana Pig Belong In the Classroom? â€Å": â€Å"A teacher must be very involved and dedicated to proper cavy care before the opposite becomes true. † A lack of these needs may result in a free, one- way trip into the void. Also, sick pets must visit the vet, like humans must go see the doctor. Pets die when they become very ill; we can't overestimate them either!But then again, pet go to vet = $$$$$ = not very fun! Reproduction Is also a problem. Andrea Milder-Slater states In the ‘Cons' section: â€Å"If you have a male and female hamster, r abbit, or fish, are you prepared for babies? Will you spay or neuter your larger pets? † Spay or neuter = Spend even more of your dear green paper and metal coins on more class pets! 6 pets= 6 times more resources= 6 times more money! While some may say that yes, there is one more solution, it is no better than spaying r neutering: let them have the babies, and then support them all. But if Bob and Gabrielle the Guiana pigs have 6 babies, uh Oh!Will the class even be able to afford to keep all 9 Guiana pigs alive? Or will they enjoy the prospect of using more money on this? In addition to large costs, class pets need a lot of attention. Can at least one pair of eyes be provided to watch the class pets at every second? They must be supervised at all times. This includes all breaks, weekends and holidays. What would the pets be doing when the students had summer vacation? They might starve to death because no one fed them while their owner was having a nice relaxing trip to Lass Vegas, gambling and sightseeing, totally forgetting about them?After all, if there actually was someone there, would any crimes have happened to the pets? Additionally, â€Å"Does a Guiana Pig Belong in the Classroom† tells us that a Guiana pig class pet â€Å"cannot simply be a decoration. A Guiana pig needs petting and interaction every single day. She also needs daily â€Å"floor time† to run around and explore. This includes weekends†¦ † Also, class pets must be safe at school overnight. You must take mom your class pet at these times to ensure their safety, since there might not be students when they are interacting with the class pet.Children might be too rough with it, or be frightened and drop it. These things might result in the class pet's demise. Numerous crimes have occurred to pets when nobody was with them. For example, â€Å"Say ‘No' to Class ‘Pets† states: â€Å"A snake was stolen from his classroom enclosure and cooked alive inside a school's microwave,† and â€Å"a lamb was stolen from a school agriculture building, spray-pained, duct-taped to the outside of the building, ND left alone overnight in freezing temperatures. † This means that those ‘pets' didn't receive the attention that they required.In addition, article â€Å"Say ‘No' to Class ‘Pets† says : â€Å"Once at a student's home, may classroom â€Å"pets† are ignored and deprived of both human contact and appropriate companions of their own species. Students who do not understand the responsibility and time that animal companions require may neglect to fill water bottles, provide food, or clean cages. † While some may think that bringing the pet home is very easy to do, the parents or families of the students, Hough, may find the pet extremely annoying or may refuse to accept or take care of them.After reviewing the provided sources, I believe that it is clear we shouldn't have class pet s. It is clear that banning them is the best option. In the future, we should really think about whether we should make another life suffer Just for students' â€Å"education† Really, it would Just be better not to have a class pet, as the famous class pet equation is: â€Å"Class pets = money = more money = much more money + make another life suffer! †

Richard Gregory Rust hadn’t always been ‘Mr. Old School’

No. Hard as it is to comprehend in today's World of airborn luchadores and chair-wielding bump-machines, Richard's nonchalant style of wrestling was once the universal norm. He didn't need to refer to himself as â€Å"Old School†, because, at the time, what he was doing wasn't old at all. It was, in fact, state-of-the-art. Fresh. Dare I say – he was considered â€Å"New-School†. He sighed. Boy, how things had changed. His two oak-toned eyes glared at the images beaming out of the TV screen. They had seen a lot in their fifty years on this Earth, yet what they currently observed before them was a struggle to comprehend: A young-looking, frail-framed male – clad in an extravagant mask and a UCW T-shit – dove gallantly over an official UCW ring's top rope, landing onto another similar looking lad, who – quite obviously – waited to catch him on the outside. They called it a plancha. He called it bullshit. It made no sense to him, at all. ‘Why had the art of professional wrestling become nothing more than a glorified circus show?' he asked himself – no doubt, not feeling too dissimilar to the great Stu Hart when he exclaimed â€Å"that's a great way to break your neck†, after watching a clip of his grand-nephew, Teddy Hart, perform a triple-jump four-fifty moonsault†¦ Or something along those lines. Ricky Rust, however, was hardly quick-witted or half as nifty with words as Stu Hart was – and, so, simply settled on exclaiming: â€Å"Fucking hell, that's stupid†. â€Å"Heh† – It was somewhere in between a giggle and a laugh. Simon restricted himself from all-out cackling, as he didn't wish to seem as though he was in agreement. â€Å"Now, now, Ricky. Don't be like that. I know it all looks very different to what you're used to, but it'll grow on you. Trust me.† He assured; but his heart wasn't really into it. Deep down, he knew that what he was saying wasn't entirely true. Simon Isosceles was merely a sports agent. And not a professional wrestling-specific one, either. Ricky Rust was simply one of the many clients contained within his black book. In actually fact – Simon never really understood what the appeal to wrestling was; but – being dedicated to job, and loyal individual – he put his all into catering for Rust's need. Never-the-less, he was merely a sports agent – yet, even he could sense that UCW wasn't really the right place for â€Å"Mr. Old School†, Ricky Rust. But he had a way of being forever optimistic. â€Å"That's just the lighter guys' division. There's more on the tape, y'know.† He chirped; piping up again, and trying to drag Ricky into a similar mind-frame. â€Å"There'll be som'in' you like. Dave said there's some technical stuff at the end.† Ricky wasn't buying it. Plonking himself on the cream, leather sofa beside the twenty-seven year veteran; Simon snatched the remote controller and jammed down on the fast forward button. The duet sat in silence for a moment, as the images on the screen whizzed forward at a faster pace than they already had been. â€Å"Here it is† Simon began again; releasing the forwards button, and letting the UCW promotion tape return to it's usual pace. Ricky watched as a round grappler – boasting a pair of shorts and matching kickpads – snatched his opponent's thin arms into a Full Nelson. Then, proceeded to pop his hips forward, arch his back and heave his foe backwards†¦ sending him over his own head†¦ and †¦ landing right on his neck. â€Å"Ooh† Ricky couldn't help but release an audible gasp. He promptly filled the now empty space in his lungs with silvery nicotine smoke. As the sound of the tape's commentators nattering away about â€Å"Dragon Suplexes† and â€Å"Stiff American Strong-Style† buzzed irritating on his eardrum, Ricky casually exhaled; before dryly stating: â€Å"So that's what passes for technical wrestling these days†. He put the cigarette to his lips once more. â€Å"Oh, come on Rick. Show some enthusiasm. This is probably an old tape, anyway. UCW's probably different, now. Probably more†¦y'know†¦ your style† Was Simon's last ditch attempt at getting Ricky interested. And â€Å"†¦Probably† was Ricky's flat reply. The conversation was over. No more was, or could, be said to attempt to change the aged wrestler's mind. That's just the way Ricky Rust was – Ridged. Deeply set in his ways. But he was going into UCW. Underground Championship Wrestling. A place that claims to be â€Å"A break from Tradition†. And as Simon settled into the sofa to watch the rest of the tape; he couldn't help but wonder if a man like Ricky could ever bring himself to adapt. ‘He better', Simon thought. Because if he couldn't†¦He wouldn't even stand a chance.

Locus of Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Locus of Control - Essay Example Each subject's perseverance level was rated after the task using a score range from 1 to 5. On average, subjects had a higher perseverance level on the Non-Frustration task than on the Frustration task. In this study, GESS and the ICI cannot be used to predict the degree of perseverance exhibited during a Frustration task. The concept of Locus of Control, which was originally developed by Julian B. Rotter in the early 1950's and is considered to be one of the most significant aspects of an individual's personality. It seeks to analyze the perception of an individual regarding the causes behind the happening or non-happening of certain events in his or her life (Rotter, 1966). The concept of Locus of Control is helpful in discerning the level of control that a person feels they possess in life. The study of Locus of Control would offer valuable contributions and theories that would further help in understanding and analyzing academic persistence as well as motivation. According to Strain (1993), the concept of Locus of Control has not yet been applied to the study of college students and their ability to persist at school. Individuals with internal Locus of Control are believed to be mentally more aware, able better equipped for learning, and highly motivated as compared to those with external Locus of Control (Stone and Jackson, 1975). ... And that a higher level of pessimism will correlate with a greater external Locus of Control. An optimist will perceive that many aspects of life are controllable and will therefore make efforts and take risks which will promote this belief, thus turning their Locus of Control internal. Whereas pessimists perceive that they are helpless to affect the events happening around them, so they will avoid taking steps to change things and thereby change their Locus of Control to external. According to Aspinwall and Brunhart (1996), optimists are more likely to be aware of their health risks and more informed about id as opposed to pessimists. This fact is further supported by the studies of Peterson, Seligman, and Vaillant (1988), whereby it was observed that people with pessimistic behaviour were in worse physical health on older age than their more optimistic counterparts. They also suggest a manner in which this "learned helplessness" which is a major cause of depression could be transformed into optimistic behaviour through cognitive therapy (Seligman and Martin, 1991). According to Gibson (2004), a large difference exists in the behaviour of gamblers where it was observed that optimists have high expectations of winning and so are likely to lose more than pessimists who rarely expect to win and bet lesser amounts after each consecutive loss. The concepts of optimism as well as pessimism, when studied in the light of cultural perspectives - in terms of dealing wit h international patients versus Hindu patients, Desai (1982) observes that reactions of people towards a given situation differs largely owing to their cultural backgrounds. While Armor and Taylor (1998) advocate the theory of "situated optimism" where people behave in an optimistic

Hantavirus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hantavirus - Essay Example The N protein that introduces the virus into the cytoplasm of the healthy human cell (Mir, 2010). The N protein of the virus associates itself with the L protein of the human host and produce â€Å"capped primers† or nucleocapsids, which can initiate transcription of the viral mRNAs upon invasion of the healthy human cell. Meanwhile, the glycoproteins G1 and G2 are transported to the Golgi bodies from the ER. Once the nucleocapsids interact with the glycoproteins, hantavirions are formed and are released out of the cell through exocytosis (â€Å"Virology,† CDC, 2011). Once the virions are out of the plasma membrane, the symptoms of HFRS or HPS begin showing. The replication of the hantavirus occurs in the macrophages and vascular endothelial cells of the human lungs and kidneys (Muranyi et al., 2005). However, symptoms do not show until the replication process of a particular number of virions are finished and until these virions are released out of the plasma membrane to infect other cells. The endothelial cells of the lungs and kidneys are the main target cells of the virus. The endothelial cells are responsible for various physiologic functions of the body such as the regulation of edema, vascular repair and gas exchange (Mackow & Gavrilovskaya, 2009). Therefore, it simply follows that someone who is infected with hantavirus will have problems with these physiologic functions. The young man in the case study exhibited shortness of breath and labored and rapid breathing because the hantavirus has already invaded the endothelial cells of his lungs, which are responsible for gas exchange. Thus, the physiological ability of his lungs to handle gas exchange is impaired. According to Mir (2010), the hantavirus also infects mature and immature dendritic cells. Dendritic cells are actually responsible for capturing antigens and inducing a primary immune response among T lymphocytes (Wieder, 2003). However, the hantavirus uses